Although numerous periodontal studies have been performed globally, most comprise clinical re search and very few are epidemiological studies using nationally. Inflammatory disease is the commonest form,usually called peridontitis or marginal periodontitis. Globally, most children have signs of gingivitis and, among adults, the initial stages of periodontal diseases are prevalent. Pdf epidemiology of periodontal disease researchgate. Advances in research over recent years have led to a fundamental change in our understanding of the periodontal diseases. A number of legitimate concerns have arisen about the nature of the relationship and, indeed, the appropriate definitions for periodontal disease when it is thought to be an exposure for systemic diseases. Assessment of prevalence of periodontal disease and. Figure 2 illustrates the periodontal health status of 3544yearolds by who region, using the socalled community periodontal index.
An overview of the epidemiology of periodontal diseases in latin. Periodontal disease oral health conditions division of. Periodontal health and disease fdi world dental federation. Periodontal infections are a leading culprit, with studies reporting associations between periodontal disease and cvd. Indices for prevalence and incidence of periodontal disease. The bacterial spectrum changes from grampositive, nonmobile, anaerobic cocci to anaerobic gramnegative organisms. The results, however, have varied, and it often is unclear what conclusions can be drawn from these data. Indices for prevalence and incidence of periodontal disease by sigurd p. Periodontal disease should be measured using loss of attachment, not pocket depth. Epidemiology of periodontal disease a special issue journal published by hindawi destructive periodontal diseases are multifactorial diseases. Periodontal disease pd is an inclusive term for the inflammatory condition of gingiva gingivitis andor periodontium periodontitis. To discover the distribution of periodontal disease and investigate the correlation between age and periodontal disease among groups.
It may be a manifestation of a systemic condition diabetes mellitus, collagen diseases, leukemia or other disorders of leukocyte function, anemia, or vitamin deficiency. Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with systemic diseases and prevention. Prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the united states. Periodontal disease gum disease is a multifactorial systemic disorder. Epidemiology more common in male, female usually exhibit better oral hygiene than male. An overview of the epidemiology of periodontal diseases in. Periodontal disease an overview sciencedirect topics. There is still much work needed to identify which aspects of the exposure are related to which aspects of the outcome. The purpose of this paper is to assimilate epidemiological evidence for the prevalence of periodontal disease in human populations, and for comprehensive understanding of the disease for health. This may be due to the fact that severe oral diseases. Periodontal disease is the most common clinical dental abnormality occurring in adult dogs and cats. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
This causes the gums and the teeth to separate making spaces that become infected. The reliability of several of the indices has been tested. It represents the position of the academy in regard to the current state of knowledge about the epidemiology of periodontal diseases. Position paper epidemiology of periodontal diseases. Our understanding of the global epidemiology of periodontal disease has changed considerably over the past 50 years. Severe periodontal disease is defined as having at least two teeth with interproximal attachment loss of 6 millimeters or more and at least one tooth with 5 millimeters or more of pocket depth at interproximal sites. To describe the prevalence and incidence of periodontal diseases in children and adults. Periodontal disease begins as gingivitis, which is a chronic inflammation of the gums. The disease process progresses from gingivitis to periodontitis.
Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with systemic. Epidemiology of periodontal disease is the study of patterns, causes, and effects of periodontal diseases. In this, destruction of alveolar bone by the formation of subgingival pockets. The purpose of this paper is to assimilate epidemiological evidence for the prevalence of periodontal disease in human populations, and for comprehensive understanding of the disease for health care providers. The recent global burden of disease study gbd, 19902010 indicates that. Introduction periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory resulting in destruction of tissue structures surrounding the teeth and manifest as a wide variety of inherited conditions affecting the periodontium, gingival diseases and destructive periodontal diseases. To know the definitions of prevalence and incidence in periodontitis. Epidemiology and indices of gingival and periodontal disease aapd. Inadequate oral hygiene practice leads to induce periodontal diseases. An overview of the epidemiology of periodontal diseases in latin america 10 braz oral res 2007. In its more serious form, called periodontitis, the gums can pull away from the tooth. If you have been told you have periodontal gum disease, youre not alone.
Periodontal disease is defined in this document as chronic inflammatory diseases of bacterial aetiology that affect the toothsupporting soft and hard tissues. Pdf the purpose of this paper is to assimilate epidemiological evidence for the prevalence of periodontal disease in human populations, and. With respect to extent of disease, 56% and 18% of the adult population had 5% or more periodontal sites with. Impact of the global burden of periodontal diseases on. Periodontal diseases do not tend to cause pain or intense discomfort. An association exists between periodontal disease and cvd. Periodontal disease is a disease affecting the tissue surrounding the teeth. Epidemiology and indices of gingival and periodontal disease. It is frequently needed for the management of stage 2 or 3 periodontitis. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases authorstream presentation. On october 30november 2, 1999, the american acade my of periodontology assembled an international workshop for a classification of periodontal diseases and conditions, which resulted in a new classification. Periodontal diseases are mainly the result of infections and inflammation of the gums and bone that surround and support the teeth.
High prevalence of periodontal disease in adolescents, adults, and older. In turn, research links periodontal disease to increased risk of heart disease,3 stroke,4 poorly controlled diabetes,5 respiratory disease,6 and premature babies. Epidemiology is the study of health and disease in populations and of how these states are influenced by biology, heredity, and physical and social environment, as well as personal behavior. Various epidemiologic studies suggest a reduction of periodontal diseases in the 18 to 65 year age group.
Periodontitis was highest in men, mexican americans, adults with less than a high school education, adults below 100% federal poverty levels fpl, and current smokers. Periodontal health and disease in a nutshell even though it is largely preventable, periodontal disease remains a major public health issue in all countries around the world. Historically, it was believed that all individuals are uniformly susceptible to developing periodontal disease and that accumulation of plaque, poor oral hygiene and perhaps occlusal trauma were sufficient to initiate periodontitis. Global periodontal disease epidemiology wiley online library. Epidemiology data on periodontal disease can be used to create a treatment and prevention plan for the disease. This change has been influenced not only by our evolving knowledge of the natural history and distribution of the disease, but also by changing measurement methodologies. Periodontal diseases are the most common conditions to a. Who recommends the use of the community periodontal index cpi for prevalence studies so that. Periodontal disease, epidemiology, risk factors, systemic disease. Epidemiology the science which deals with what falls upon people 2. Since the development of this paradigm, several epidemiological studies evaluating destructive periodontal diseases have been pursuing associations in the incessant identification of demographic.
A literaturesearch in the medline data base by using the exploded thesaurus terms periodontal disease and epidemiology. Epidemiology of periodontal diseases dania al agili, bds, ms, mph, drph cd 633 january 2009 lecture objectives 1. Periodontal diseases, comprising gingivitis and periodontitis, are probably the most common disease of mankind guinness world records 2001. Well designed epidemiological studies with external validity are needed. Definition the study of the distribution and determinants of healthrelated states or events in specified population, and the application of this study to control health problems epidemiology essentially an inductive science, concerned not merely with describing the distribution of disease, but equally or. Cross sectional survey data was generally that the severity of disease increased with advanced age low socioeconomic group are generally more affected in developing countries.
Epidemiology of periodontal diseases this paper was prepared by the research, science and therapy committee of the american academy of periodontology and is intended for the information of the dental profession. Common risk factors for chronic diseases and periodontal disease oral health and systemic health are closely related. It is defined as an inflammatory disease that affects toothsupporting gums and bones. Epidemology, etiology and prevention of periodontal disease 1. In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums can become swollen and red, and they may bleed.
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